I have read the other responses and they aren't what you need.
It is very simple. These smart phones under settings for contacts, allow you to choose what is actually displayed. Ex. Phone contacts; gmail contacts etc...
If you want only a certain amount of displayed contacts, without deleting from gmail, depending upon how many total contacts you have ca be arduous, but here is how you do it.
Go ahead and sync your gmail account including contacts with your phone. This assumes that you want most of your gmail contacts on your phone.
This is actually helpful, because even if you only want a finite list of contacts on your phone, you will still know who's calling based upon the gmail contacts even if not on your phone list.
After you sync the contacts, go into contacts settings and choose phone for how the contacts are to be displayed. All of your contacts will likely be there. THen go into accounts settings and delete the google account. This separates your phone from gmail.
Now, go into contacts and settings and choose delete. Now, select all. Now go thru all of your contacts and de-select only those you want to keep in the phone display list. Once you have your keepers, delete the reset.
Now re-add the google account and allow sync as an option in settings. The phone contacts will constantly sync to your gmail contacts, but your phone list won't change.