The phone charging circuit is designed to feed a fixed current into the phone (through most of the charge cycle). The maximum save current for any lithium battery is 1C - IOW, for a 3000mAh battery, 3000mA. That will charge it in about 90 minutes (due to inefficiencies in charging - electrical to chemical and chemical to electrical conversions are among the lowest efficiency energy conversions). Most phones, though, are designed to charge somewhere between 0.3 C and 0.7C, so it takes a couple to a few hours from 0 (which you should never do - 40% is about as low as you should drop a lithium battery if you want it to last a while) to 100%.
Quick Charge 2 brings the charge time down a bit, at the cost of a little battery life. I wouldn't do that to my batteries. (I still have 11 year old batteries working in an old phone that I keep as a spare.)