Unless it was uploaded to a cloud server you are probably out of luck. I disabled LG Health on day 1 so I'm not sure if it uploads the data to an LG server or not. You may be able to find a service online somewhere that can retrieve lost information on a damaged phone, depending on what was damaged, for a fee. It would depend on how damaged the phone really is and if the internal storage can be accessed. Is there any chance the data was saved to the micro sd card?
There are options to synch the data with LG Health servers and Google Fit servers. After reading this, in trying to get mine synced to LG, but it's not synching. If you weren't previously synching with one of them, it's only in the phone.