Unfortunately, without being able to unlock the phone, I don't think there's anything you can do. I doubt that it'll allow you to mount the internal storage without first providing the pattern (I mean, what kind of security would THAT be?).
You MAY be able to install something like Lookout:
http://market.android.com/details?id=com.lookout via the Google Play Store website, and then use the Lookout website to backup whatever content it allows. Hopefully you have your contacts & calendar synced with Google, so that shouldn't be an issue. But your SMS/MMS, call logs, app data and potentially anything on the internal storage (camera photos, screenshots, etc) aren't accessible without the pattern.
I can't think of anything else offhand, sorry.
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