I have a 2016 silverado 2500 HD and was also having issues with the charging pad. I was able to get it to work with an iphone and a qi charging case, but this took up the lightening port and didn't allow for apple carplay (which is terrible compared to android auto by the way). I recently got a galaxy S7 and the pad would work for about a second one in every 50 times i placed it on the mat. I brought the truck into the dealership and they placed a small module on the mat that tested the connectivity via an LED light...they sent me out the door and told me it works fine and my phone is the problem. Not the phone, its GM.
I tore the unit apart and found that it only provides about 1 amp of power which is is not enough to power the new generation of wirelessly charging phones. As i understand it, if you have a phone that is capable of "fast charging, you need 2 amps to make this feature work and when you combine that with the half inch rubber mat (and maybe a phone case), this GM charging pad is too weak. If you are to remove the rubber pad your phone will most likely charge without issue but it will be quite slow.
GM is going to continue to offer this charging pad in their vehicles and the old phones that actually did work with it are going to quickly be phased out leaving them with a problem. This is common sense and for whatever reason their techs do not understand this. It is not an issue with phone compatability per se, its an issue with a power module that is now underpowered topped with a terrible design. Up the unit to 2 amps and reduce the mat's thickness by half and there will be zero issue.