I'm glad this thread is up because it was a huge deal to me a couple of days ago as I too was having this problem.
I went into BBuy and tried out all of the pricey headphones with the microphone and was about to give up on the phone (thinking it was a software problem) since nothing was working (I can hear them, but they couldn't hear me) till I found the BOSE MIE2 headphone's. Careful not to get the one with the iPod/iPhone controls, but the standard one. They have an awesome comfortable design and the sound quality is pretty amazing as you can expect from BOSE. It is my first BOSE product and glad I bought it, they will set you back about 140$ out the door (just sayin), but well worth it my man.
Again, I can't stress enough to be sure you don't get the one's with the Apple controls (volume up/volume down buttons). As far as I know, these were the only one's at BBuy that worked. Hope you get them and enjoy them as much as I do.
Here's a link to show what they look like:
MIE2 - Bose In Ear MIE2 Mobile Headset at Abt