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From what I've read about Android Go, it is designed for low RAM devices. 2GB or less actually. So it is a little surprising to hear your device has 16 and came with Go. It would appear that Go is your issue. Being designed for such low RAM it likely doesn't support widgets as those typically require more RAM, which your device has but that your OS does not support. In all of the images I've seen of the Go Edition there is no clock, no Google Search and no calendar ever pictured. I would venture a guess that you also don't have voice commands or Google Assistant, am I correct?
If your device truly has 16GB of RAM the only way it would appear that you could over come this would be if you could install or upgrade to another version of Android.
Have you looked in the device settings and confirmed that it is 16 and not 1.6 as that would be more in-line with what this OS was designed to support? Perhaps if you let us know what device, model and maker, you have we could dig up more information to help you?
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