So you've connected the CD burner directly to the phone? Are you using an OTG cable? Frankly, I'm surprised your other devices were able to do this--I would imagine that this wasn't typically possible with Android devices.
And when you connect the phone to your computer, the computer says "USB Mass Storage cannot be installed"? This is also a little puzzling, because most current Android devices don't connect as USB Mass Storage any more, due to their unified internal storage--it's typically MTP. Unless this is just the computer's way of saying that the USB drivers are not working correctly. You could try reinstalling the drivers:
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