What are these Trusted Credentials on my phone?

A

AC Question

Trusted Credentials?

On my phone under security, there is a drop down menu named trusted credentials. There are countless corporations from all over the world, ex Turktrust, Swiss sign, RSA Securities,etc. Each with a checkbox allowing you to disable. Who are these companies? Do they have access to my personal info? And why when I disabled all of them, I had trouble accessing my email along with other programs?
 

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