I can communicate with my UNO. Assuming your device has support for USB OTG, all you need is an OTG adapter cable. I don't recommend the OTG adapters that look like flash drives, as I have not found one that works. The cables have worked, but also avoid the really cheap ones; buy from a U.S.A. vendor.
The best you can do is to print to the serial port on the Arduino. There are ways to interface with a GUI on an Android device, but those require either a custom Android application or special application such as Virtuiono or Blynk.
YOu should consider buying some kind of display, like the LCD alphanumeric module.