just bought a j3v samsung cell phone and was told that using any charger other than the one provided would damage the battery. I don't want another car charger if I don't have to.
Welcome to the forums. If it has the micro USB connector you should be fine. I would check the cable to make sure it isn't damaged in the sheath or anything like that.
If you do need to replace it, I would go for a higher quality as opposed to getting the cheapest one you can get.
Welcome to the forums! I sometimes find that "universal" chargers, though they do work, sometimes affect charging length/speed of my devices. As long as you're using one that's compatible with your phone, as Golfdriver mentioned, you're good to go.
Also, I too agree with spending a little more money for a better quality charger.