Turn the phone off, remove the car, put it into its adapter (which it should have come with) and plug it into your PC. Many files on the card may have permissions set so that you can't see them in the phone, but Windows doesn't know about Linux permissions, so you can see all the files on it.
If the card is a bit old, and cheap, it could be that some of it has gone bad, so the bad parts are marked used, but that's just so that nothing can try to save files on the bad parts.
Also, the card may bot be the size it says it is. Install
SD Insight and check both the size and the date. (Even if it says it's the right size, if the date is 1 January 1970, it's a counterfeit card, which is made by reprogramming a smaller card to say that it's a larger card (and repainting the label).