Welcome to Android Central!
First, you need to install Android Messages (
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.messaging)
Second, disable or uninstall your other messaging apps by doing the following:
On your phone, open Settings->Apps
Scroll through the list until you find your preinstalled messaging app(s)
Tap on the name of the app, then tap Force Stop, then either Uninstall or Disable
Tap Notifications and turn off all categories (otherwise you could end up with multiple notifications whenever you receive a text messasge)
Finally, follow these instructions on your Chromebook to link the two devices:
https://messages.android.com/
If you need additional help or have more questions or details to share, please join the site so you can reply in this thread. See
this link for instructions on how to join Android Central.