Not to over state this but you're asking an Android Forum how to get reminders on your device to remind you not to leave home without your device....
You would need your phone with you to remind you, Soooo..... Nope there's no app for that I'm afraid.
You could put a smart lock on the inside of your door, forcing you to have the device with you in order to unlock the door to let you out.
Some cases have lanyard holes you could use to attach the device to you when you wake up. Then you theoretically couldn't go anywhere without it. You'd still have to remember to tie it on in the morning.