There's no BIOS-level way of confirming a Linux installation of any kind, since the BIOS and the OS only know each other through the programming hooks. (You can verify the checksum of a download of a distro, but you can't verify a checksum of an installed OS, because it can change depending on hardware.)
You can't checksum the OS itself because every carrier makes their own changes to every version of every OS.
You can't be certain of the integrity of the "stock ROM", because both the manufacturer and the carrier could have put in all sorts of spyware (and, indeed, some of those are known).
The only absolutely certain way of knowing, beyond any doubt, that you're not being spied upon is to not connect to anything - not a phone network, not the internet, not even power mains. Most people aren't concerned enough with security to take the steps needed to ensure theirs.