The
only reason to not charge the battery to 100% is that the charger (the circuitry inside the phone - the thing you plug into the wall is just a source of power) could fail during charging, cooking the battery before you realize that something is wrong and unplugging the wall wart (or removing the phone from the wireless charging pad). When the charge shuts off at "100%", the battery is actually charged to about 98% or 99%, so it's perfectly safe. (Running
GSam Battery Monitor will at least give you a notification when the charge reaches the limit you set (I've had mine set to 99% for years).
40% is the "drop dead point". You should really plan on charging when the battery drops down to 45%. If you can't charge, and the battery is down to 40%,
turn the phone off!
Nothing about lithium technology has changed, as far as cellphone batteries. We have newer types of lithium batteries, but no phone has a $200 battery in it - those are reserved for much larger batteries (lithium iron phosphate, lithium titanate, etc.) And the charge
rate hasn't changed either - don't get too close to the C rating. (If the battery is rated at 4080mAh, don't charge faster than 2040mA, or 2.04A [0.5C]. That includes 9 Volts at 2 Amps when it's fast charging - that's about the fastest the battery should charge at.)