I seriously doubt it. Google Voice just routes your calls through a landline number - it is not a VOIP service at all.
In other words, if somebody calls your GV number, it routes to any or all of the phones associated with your GV account (this can be done by contact, so work contacts go to a business cell phone, while personal contacts go to a personal cell phone, say) using voice service. So, by definition, you need to have a voice plan to receive calls on the device.