Welcome back! When you talk to people on the phone, ask them if they hear that whirring as well. Try it with speakerphone on and off (since speakerphone uses the secondary mic, which might be where the whirring noise is coming from).
Try it in Safe Mode as well: https://support.google.com/nexus/answer/2852139?hl=en. If it occurs in Safe Mode, then it's probably a hardware issue, and I'd contact Google for warranty repair (or replacement, if you have Nexus Protect).