No, it does not the phone is designed to charge at the rated wattage output of the compatible charger, also it has a circuit that carefully monitors the charge cycle. It makes no difference if you fast or slow charge.
This is due to how fast charging works. Fast charging batteries have two phases of charging. The first phase is where they take in as much power as possible. The first phase is usually when the battery capacity is low or empty.
This explains why in smartphone marketing materials, you’ll see companies boasting about how their fast charger takes a specific amount of time to charge the battery from zero to some capacity.
But once the battery capacity reaches that quoted level, the charging speeds are reduced to prevent stress and heat that can damage the battery’s longevity. You’ve probably noticed your phone charges faster to a certain percentage, but longer to fill the battery; this is why.
It's also worth keeping in mind that your phone may automatically turn off fast charging if your device's temperature exceeds a certain level.