Battery technology has progressed so much to allow us faster charging. Actually, before fast charging was around most batteries were only limited in terms of input by the connector standard themselves or the charging controller (for example, Nokia charged a Lumia 925 in seconds using a special port/controller with a tesla coil).
In theory fast charging should be safe, as most batteries have thermometers that control power and regulate it when the batteries get too hot, certainly before there is any element of damage involved.
An example of this would be the Moto 360 and wireless charging - wireless charging generates loads of heat (inefficient charging). The watch doesn't charge to 100% in a really warm climate, instead hovering around 95% to prevent damage. I presume there is something similar in phones with rapid charging to prevent damage from overheating batteries
Lastly, batteries can actually take in a lot of power. QC 2.0 has such a controller that maximises and controls charging, talking to the battery controller and adjusting power respectively (USB-PD works in a similar way too, with special controllers on the charger and phone)
So in summary, presuming the battery engineers at Huawei weren't stupid, the battery shouldn't be significantly damaged by rapid charging. And even if it is, most batteries wear out after 3-4 years anyways.
Source: my own panicked research after seeing the OP!!!
