Hi there,
What are you trying to connect? Video and audio or just audio?
If video, there are a few things to consider. First, make sure that the MHL cable that you have is compatible with your device. I believe the S2 and Note 2 are the same MHL pinout but Samsung changed it for the Note 4, so the same cable wouldn't work for all devices. Second, these cables need to be powered, so you should have one end that connects to your phone and one that needs to be connected to an USB port (if you connect to a standard port, which most cars used if it's not a newer model, it will supply enough juice to power the dongle but not the phone, so chances are you'll run out of battery pretty soon as the screen needs to be on for mirroring to work). Third, you mentioned that you have an HDMI to RCA adapter... Make sure that one works for video. I've never heard or used any, so not sure if they are even a thing. Maybe the RCA ends are just for audio or composite video. Fourth, make sure the RCA connections in your car are also the right ones (composite video vs 'normal' video plug and audio channels). Finally, make sure there aren't any settings you need to change or input selection to apply to your car's system.
For audio, what you're doing with MHL is overkill but the above suggestions should also apply. If it's just audio, however, I'd suggest you get an RCA converter for the headphone jack. Much easier to find, a lot cheaper, and a lot easier to connect.