Is there any way to track a phone if location services have been disabled?

[telstrareg]

Is there any way to track a phone if location services have been disabled?

It is possible to track a phone using GPS, Wi-Fi, or the cellular network. The last two methods use their respective networks to interpolate the position of the phone.

Regardless of which method is used, none of them work if a user switches off location services.

So my questions are; a) is there any app that can track a phone when location services are switched off; b) is there any way of preventing location services from being switched off; c) can location services be made to appear off when in fact on?

I only need this to work on an older version of android (4.04). The phone is NOT rooted.

 

[Golfdriver97]

Android Device manager might work here. I just don't know how much you can do if you never set it up. Did you lose your device or was it stolen?