Following is a simple and partial explanation of default apps in recent Android versions:
I observed in Android 5.1 and I read that also in Android 6, that the following is true:
For the Google Maps app for instance, when you display the app settings by going to Settings> Apps> Maps, has an option heading:
"Launch by default". Tap on this and you will either see:
"No defaults set" or:
"You've chosen to launch this app by default for some actions".
I observed in Android 7.0 and in Android 8.1 that the following is true:
For the Google Maps app for instance, when you display the app settings by going to Settings> Apps> Maps, has an option heading:
"Open by default". Tapping on this exposes three additional option headings:
"Open supported links,
"Supported links and
"Other defaults".
The options for "Other defaults" in Android 7 and 8 are the same as under "Launch by default" in Android 5 and 6.
The option heading "Supported links" lists a large number of items with which I am not familiar.
The option heading "Open supported links" is new in Android 7 and 8. Tapping on this option exposes the three options:
"Open in this app",
"Ask every time" and
"Don't open in this app".
Selecting the option "Open in this app" essentially makes this app the default app without showing it as such.
Selecting the option "Ask every time" shows a list of all the apps having the desired capability, including this app (Maps).
Selecting the option "Don't open in this app" shows a list all the apps having the desired capability, but not including this app (Maps).
Google Maps was installed with "Open in this app" selected, making it appear that Maps was the default navigation app. It was dumb luck that I stumbled on the options contained under "Open supported links". I just did not think that "Open supported links" sounded like it pertained to default apps.
Consider the this a solution to the problem that I posted.