Re: Samsung s5 Calendar
Welcome to Android Central! It depends on where your calendar events were saved to. If they were associated with your Google Calendar, then they should have been synced immediately to your Google Calendar in the cloud. Go to Google Calendar on your computer browser and see if the events are there--if they are, then they'll sync automatically with your new phone as soon as you log into it with the same Google account.
If the events were associated with your Samsung account, then they might sync, although I'm not sure how the Samsung account sync works. If they were associated with the Phone account, then the only way they would have been saved would be if you backed them up to your computer using something like Kies or Smart Switch.