I don't know about the car dock but from looking at the pictures of the desktop dock I'm guessing thats a no. Looks like a pretty snug fit. Hope I'm wrong though.
I was wondering the same because I'm considering a switch from the photon, which does have this feature. Looks like the European GSII will fit with a case, but only the OEM cases. I'm sure u can find a way to make a tpu or other case work with it. They should have a removable insert though like both the evo 3d and the photon docks do. Here's a link I found on the euro car dock review. http://samsunggalaxysforums.com/showthread.php/5349-Official-Galaxy-S-II-Vehicle-Dock-Kit.