Is it possible with a smartphone? Are there some sort of splitters? At least, can I transfer files from one device to another device (both are connected to a smartphone via a USB hub) ?
A USB hub switches the phone to USB Host Mode, which means the power pins are outputs, not inputs. You can use a powered hub to power the devices plugged into it from the power bank, but you can't charge the phone and use a USB hub at the same time.