Welcome to Android Central! Don't look at Other Devices on your Nexus 7. On that bottom strip, tap "Bookmarks" (in between "Most Visited" and "Other Devices"). You should then see a screen that says Bookmarks at the top, and probably 3 folders: Desktop Bookmarks, Other Bookmarks, and Mobile Bookmarks, like this:
If you don't see them, then look at the top--if there are folder names after the word Bookmarks, then just tap the word Bookmarks, and it will return you to the main folder directory (what I meant by the "root" directory). For example, here's the screen with Desktop Bookmarks open:
You would tap the word "Bookmarks" to the left of "Desktop Bookmarks" to get back to the root directory.
Mobile Bookmarks are any bookmarks that you stored locally on your Nexus 7. I don't think these are synced with the desktop. Desktop Bookmarks and Other Bookmarks should correspond to the bookmark folders on your desktop Chrome.