If you open Google Now, formally Google Search, then go to your options there maybe an option for always listening. For me it's Settings>Voice>"OK Google" Detection. From there I have 3 checkboxes that in combination may allow you to enable always listening, which includes an option from the lock screen. It warns you that enabling this option will defeat your lock screen and may allow others to access your device. You would still have to press the power button to wake the phone but no other input would be needed. Besides saying "OK Google" and then speaking your commands, i.e. Call, Open, etc. etc.
As for your Bluetooth device, most have a button that you can press to wake the phone. Now this may not defeat your lock screen and while I've never tried it with Google Now if the device is awake I would imagine changing your Google Now settings to always listening and enabling them for the lock screen would give the same result as if you had pressed the power button to wake the phone and saying "OK Google".