Technically, yes. How good re you at SQL? (You'll have to run a SQL editor and mark those messages not deleted in the database they're stored in - assuming it hasn't been purged. That means writing at least 2 SQL statements, one to find the deleted messaged, one to update the ones you want to bring back.)
Someone ought to write a graphical user interface for Android for SQLite. A PHPMySQL for Android. (And don't look at me.)