I'm not aware of a way to reset preferences all at once. It's usually done by simply using an app.
For example, let's say you have a couple browsers and you tap a link in an email. Initially you will be which app to use and you can select "Always" to make your selection the default. If you delete that browser's preferences, going into the email or some other app that lets you open up something in a browser should prompt you for a default browser again.
So if you have a way to trigger an app like that, that would be my suggestion, then rebuild those preferences over time.