I live in an area that currently only has 3G service, but often travel into 4G service area, when I first got my phone I locked into CDMA Only (3G) thinking it would help battery life, but after traveling often into a 4G area I changed it to CDMA/LTE (3G/4G) and saw no noticeable change in battery life in 3G only areas, it is like if the phone knows there is no 4G service available the radio for that seems to go to sleep. Now, if I am right on the edge of 3G/4G, where the phone is constantly switching between the two service, the battery drains like fruit in a juicer.
What I can say though is signal strength has more to do with battery life than anything, if you are in an area with weak signal, 3G or 4G, it will suck your battery quickly.