Yup. The sensor size is quite an important factor in low-light photography. Larger sensors perform better in low-light situations, dedicated cameras will absolutely have larger sensors (not just talking megapixels, talking physical size) than phone cameras.
My opinion on the original question, $ for $ you're going to get MUCH better photographs from a dedicated camera than you will from a phone. Canon makes good point and shoot cameras with optical zooms (phones use digital zoom, using 4 pixels at 2x zoom for every one at regular focal length). Going the dedicated camera route, I would suggest getting a couple extra SD cards and a spare battery or two (or three), and even with those add-ons you're STILL under the cost of a phone.
This was taken with a camera classed between the P&S linked above and a full-on DSLR, you won't get a shot like this out of a phone...
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Taking "selfies" with this camera is a bit of a stretch though.