You can never be certain; much depends on how much technical knowledge the sender has.
You can use an EXIF viewer/editor to view the info that is stored in nearly all images created by digital cameras and, depending upon the settings the sender has configured in his phone/camera, learn the latitude and longitude of the camera's location, the date and time, even the model of the camera/phone and lots of other stuff.
Of course, a knowledgeable person could use an EXIF editor to change this info to whatever he/she likes or remove it completely.