We are all looking for any reasonable explanation for a very unusual issue. The fact that Laura Knotek had an S10+ and had no issues around dogs would suggest that it's not a problem with the S10 series in general. As I mentioned before, I still think the problem has to do with a hardware issue in your specific phone.
Does this happen in Safe Mode?
https://www.samsung.com/us/support/answer/ANS00062983/. This can help narrow the issue down to something you installed vs the system or hardware. If your dog continues to shy away from the phone in Safe Mode, then it has to do with the system or hardware. The next step would be a factory reset. If the problem persists after a factory reset, then probably your last option would be to reflash the firmware, in case the existing copy on the phone has become corrupt (mustang7757 would be able to help with that).