For a slightly more "scientific" explanation your phone has a number of elements to take into account when shooting images, available light is one of them.
If a place is filled with bright lights your phone can use a lower ISO and higher shutter speed which results in pretty amazing shots, and reduce the chances of blurring.
In daylight your phone generally uses ISO 100, while in lowlight that could go as high up to ISO 3200 or more.
Again if you want it's not impossible to blur a shot in daylight, you can't take a clear shot "easily" while running for example, be it bright light or dim light. So there are limitations of phone cameras.
A basic explanation of ISO would be. Lower ISO means your phone is absorbing the surrounding lights whereas higher ISO means your phone is desperate to capture any and all light in a situation, it often has to blow out lights in a situation to capture anything at all. Lower ISO results in much more detailed shots, while higher ISO results in more noisy, albeit brighter shots.
Your phone can user lower ISO in daylight because there is a lot of light already present in the situation! But in lowlight it needs to use higher ISO or it'll turn out to be a dark image.
The second part is shutter speed. Basically the higher the shutter speed the more accurately you can capture motion and higher shutter speeds mean less chances of blurring a shot.
Your phone generally uses 1/60 seconds or higher shutter speed to capture an image in daylight, and you can we'll image how fast that is!
As nighttime approaches a phone needs to try it's best to take a bright and clear shot.
The phone could simply turn ISO to 10,000 and brighten up your shots like crazy! But they would look terrible.
Or your phone could turn shutter speed to 4 seconds(instead of the regular 1/60) but that means your camera will keep itself open to take an image for a whole 4 sounds! No one can keep their hands steady for that long.
So lowlight shots are a combination of higher ISO and lower shutter speeds, what this means is that you need to hold your phone more steady in lowlight to get a clear image (and this applies to every smartphone out there). And motion images are completely out, you won't be able to capture a moving car in lowlight.
That is why images you take in bright light are generally more clear and less blurry while shots taken in lowlight often turn out much worse.
If you have steady hands and you use Samsung's night mode you can get some pretty stunning images in lowlight even.
I hope the explanation helps, and I'm sure you can find online resources that could explain this better.
There are more things that go into a camera, such as the sensor size, optical or digital image stabilisation and aperture but that's for another day.
I'm a mobile photographer, and it would be awesome if you guys checked out the images I take:
Pakistan Through The Lens of a Nexus 5 - Imgur