After i updated to latest android version is started experiencing this problem, my volume keys don't control any longer ringtone or media volume but call volume even if i am not in a call.
When the phone is idle (no call in progress), the VC should control ringtone volume. When media is playing, it should control media volume. When a call is active, it should control the phone volume.
If that's not how it's working (it sounds as if it's not), bring the phone to your carrier - maybe a reflash of the update will fix it.
When you press a volume key, you get a drop down menu, in top right corner there is an arrow icon. Touch that and a further drop down menu should appear with options to control media, system and notifications volumes...