Your phone number is usually not attached to the sim, but rather the sim is attached to your phone number.
When you sign up for service, they give you a number and then register the sim to your account. There may be data on the sim that includes the phone number, but you should be able to go into a store and tell them that you need a new microsim. They will register it to your account and deactivate the old sim.
I have done it numerous times on at&t but your carrier may vary on their policies.
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