Install Chromium from the Ubuntu app repository, and it will install any and all dependencies.
Code:
sudo apt-get update && apt-get install chromium-browser
Then you can install Chrome and uninstall Chromium if you like (but I would stick with it). Not being able to install and run Chrome is concerning. It should work right out of the box with no dependencies unless you've removed gtk libraries. Are you downloading the right file from Google?
Place the heimdal executable in your home folder. Open the terminal and run it
Code:
cd ~ && ./<name of the program and any extension it has goes here>
Paste the output of the terminal here and we can tell you which packages to install. For starters, you'll need QT 4 installed
Qt - Download