See the Contacts section of
Backing up an Android Device to save them all them all to a file, then load them back as Google contacts. Then add the missing contacts, but
as Google contacts, not as Phone or SIM contacts. Then you can't "lose" them. (If you end up with duplicates, go to
Google Contacts, hit More, hit Find & merge duplicates, then clean things up.)
Phones and SIM cards can go bad, they can get lost, they can get driven over - but the Google servers will retain things. (Even if you delete a number accidentally, there's a Restore contacts ... item in More, and you can restore contacts deleted up to a month ago.)
And don't worry about "Google having your contacts". The employees who have the clearance necessary to look in those servers have better things to do with their time. (I used to correct typos in databases for customers. By the time I got to the second record I was working on, I couldn't tell you what
type of item I had corrected in the first record. There's no need to remember things like that - so you don't. And Google doesn't correct your contacts - if you put in the wrong area code, it stays there until you try to call it, realize what's wrong, and make the correction. You. Google doesn't care. And they don't "use" or "sell" your contacts. [I don't work for Google, but I'm pretty sure that copying someone's contacts - even just writing down the name and phone number - is a "you're fired, I'll walk you to the door and we'll ship your stuff to you" kind of offense. Government agencies? They go to your carrier, not to Google.)