Lockscreen notifications (and now annoyingly pop up notifications at the top of the notification bar), Smart Lock from Google (you can turn secure lockcreens off at trusted locations or when paired with trusted devices), new animations when touching items and activating stuff as well as when scrolling past the top or bottom limits, Smaller notification bar, like you say, the obvious changes in color palettes. Thankfully Samsung left the interruptions untouched for this one, so the Mute button is still there. I can't recall if the Notification Access menu was there before or not, but now it is (basically apps that access your notifications to display them elsewhere).
Oh, and there's also the fact that music controls on the lockscreen are gone. They're now relegated to a tiny notification card (which comes from your player's notification, actually, so if you disable lockscreen notifications, music controls are gone for good from the lockscreen).
And the Multitasking Menu has been made to coincide with the style from the Note 4 (again, I liked the way it was before as it was non-invasive).
Everything else happens under the hood.
As soon as the keyboard showed up, I was screaming "my eyes! my eyes! my eyes!" I was in a conference room and the lights were all turned off because we were doing a presentation. The BRIGHT keyboard really hurt my eyes. Thanks, Google! 
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