Unfortunately call logs and text messages are things that cannot be restored unless backed up. If you are not using a cloud service for backup there is no way to retrieve those items. You could check your bill or online with your carrier. Often there is an option for detailed billing. Most carriers will not provide this information retroactively however.
There are several good apps for backing up SMS, Call Logs and even system settings. MyBackup Pro is one that comes to mind but there are lots at the Play Store.
Welcome to Android Central! You could look in your account page on your carrier website and see if there's a way to get your detailed call history from your past statements.