An iPhone syncs everything to a Macbook. Android phones don't sync everything in one shot. The closest single app is the MacOS version of Kies (
Kies - Windows and MacOS). You'll still probably need apps to back up your apps (I use
App Backup & Restore and the data from the apps [unfortunately, I don't know of any way to run
Helium on an unrooted phone without a Windows PC).
The one way of backing everything up at once is with a custom recovery - CWM or TWRP. And you pretty much have to restore everything (wiping out anything that's currently in th phone - you can't restore just one song.) Titanium Backup also allows individual backup and restore, but the phone must be rooted (so you might as well use Helium, which is free - the full version of TB isn't.)