ASU is Arbitary Strength Unit. It's a measure of received signal strength.
In a GSM signal, it maps to dBm = 2 × ASU - 113 (the range is 0-0..31 and 99 for unknown).
In an LTE signal, RSRP (reference signal received power) maps to (ASU - 141) ≤ dBm < (ASU - 140). The range is 0-96, 0 = <-140dBm (totally unusable), 97 = >-44dBm (virtually "you're on the tower").