Thomas, the amount of charge is determined by the device being charged, not by the charger. (I normally charge my phone from a 5 Volt, 30 Amp power source [because it happens to be on my desk] and have never had any problem.)
Charging a phone with a charger rated for more current than the original won't cause any change - the phone will drawe its rated current and charge normally.
Charging a phone with a charger rated for less current than the original will cause the phone to charge more slowly, because the phone can only draw the amount of current that the charger is capable of supplying. But it still won't cause any problem.