Some of the newer phones can operate on CDMA and GSM, but most of them come in a CDMA version and a GSM version. (@chanchan05, that's a leftover from back when we split the single telephone company into a bunch of separate companies - Verizon decided to use CDMA when they entered the cellphone industry. Sprint came along later and chose CDMA.)
It wouldbe possible to make a single phone capable of both CDMA and GSM, on all 4GLTE bands, but it would be a bit expensive, so most phones are made for the North American, South American, European, Asian or African market, to limit the number of radios they have to cram into a single phone. (Some do have all bands, though, and can be opened by the user [in software] so they can use all bands.)