Here ya go:
The Android Dictionary | Android Central
A Nandroid is a full system backup of the entire phone.. think of it as creating a system restore in Windows. If something goes wrong you can flash back to a previous working version.
CyanogenMod is the name of a ROM.
ClockworkMod is a custom recovery for flashing mods, themes, ROMs, Kernels, making Nandroid backups. The phone has a stock recovery.. but in order to do the above stuff you need a custom recovery which is what ClockworkMod Recovery is.
Deodexed and Odexed are the way ROMs are packaged up... I'm actually confused between the two myself so I won't be explaining that one lol.
Imoysen is the username of a developer therefore his Kernel is named after himself.
Im not sure about Skunkapes thread but just make a post over there asking... he's very helpful.