Welcome to Android Central! Did you remove the SD card and insert it into the computer to transfer the data? Or was the transfer done via USB cable?
When you go to Settings>Storage, there's no SD card listed? Try removing the card (unmount it first, if it actually shows up in that menu), then insert it in your computer's SD reader. Can you access it using Windows Explorer? If not, then card probably got corrupt. You could try chkdsk, but if the card doesn't even register in the computer, I'm not sure if chkdsk can be used: http://forums.androidcentral.com/am...guide-using-chkdsk-fix-corrupted-sd-card.html