Unless you know what you're doing, the easiest way to get a pretty good balance is to aim at a matte (not glossy) white card covering at least 80% of the frame, have the light striking the card at about a 30 degree angle to the camera and use auto and set it. That will give you good white balance for that light source.
If you're definitely getting only sunshine, or only pretty thick clouds, you can use those settings to get close. Indoors, fluorescent lights have a very wide color range, so the setting is almost useless, and an incandescent bulb that's not GE Warm White (which is actually pinkish) won't give you the right balance. Manually setting "this is white" with a card will get it right regardless of the light. (I've taken some pretty good pictures, color-balance-wise, manually setting "white" with red or blue lighting. You can see that something's just a bit off, but it doesn't look like it's the lighting.)
When you change the color balance "on the phone", you're changing it in the app. The camera module just sends raw data to the app. If you're in fluorescent lighting, the camera is sending a greenish picture to the app. The app compensates for that with color balance. (Some do it better than others, so experiment with different apps.)