I did a factory reset of my phone several days ago.
Now when I open chrome on my s6 my bookmarks are not synced with my desktop Google account.
Prior to the reset, it worked flawlessly
The attachment is what I get when I click bookmarks on my phone.
What happens if you tap that back arrow to the left of "Samsung Mobile"? You might be in the Samsung Mobile bookmarks folder, and if you tap the arrow, it might bring you to the main bookmark directory.