Welcome to Android Central!  You're rooted and running Jellybean--is that an official Jellybean version from Samsung for that exact phone, or is it a custom ROM?  If it's custom, then I would suspect a problem with the ROM.
Are you using the original charging cable and plug for the phone?  There's an off chance that a 3rd party cable could cause some problems, although I think this is much less likely than what I mentioned above.  Still, it'd be best to use the original cable (or an official replacement).
Posted via Android Central App--please excuse the brevity and any typos!